Aug 24, 2022 · The cost of a home EV charge point, including installation, is typically at least £800 in the UK, depending on the model you choose. However, cheaper options are available, especially if you opt for a charger with less power. A government grant covering up to £350 of the cost of a charging point is available, however the terms of this ...Jul 28, 2023 · An electric vehicle (EV) charging station, also commonly called a charge point or electric vehicle supply equipment, is a device specifically designed to supply electrical power for recharging plug-in electric vehicles. These charging stations come in two primary types: AC charging stations and DC charging stations.Mar 6, 2019 · Installing a level 2 charging station for your electric motor might not cost anything if you already have a 14-50 outlet or could cost between $500-$2,000, depending on your home’s existing electrical capacity. Furthermore, a typical 35-mile commute requires around 12.5 Kilowatt-hours (kWh) per day of charging, which can be accomplished in 1 ... Aug 11, 2021 · In (WPT) technology, energy is transferred through the air to charge the battery. The WPT can help get rid of the range anxiety issue. It can also reduce the size of the battery pack because of more wireless charging opportunities. An inductive or capacitive transmitter and receiver is installed at the charging station and vehicle, respectively.July 5, 2022. Charging an electric car at a public charging station. Royalty free Getty. Courtney Lindwall. Contributor. Buying an electric vehicle (EV) means being able to … The Electric Circuit is Canada’s first public charging network for electric vehicles (EVs). It offers both 240-volt and 400-volt charging stations. The stations are installed in the parking lots of the Circuit’s numerous partners across Québec and in Eastern Ontario. Since its launch on March 30, 2012, the Electric Circuit has rapidly expanded to many Québec regions, with continued ... Oct 25, 2021 · IEC 61851, UL 2594, and GB/T 18487 Series are the three primary standards that charging stations must meet. Ensuring that charging circuits are both protected from environmental hazards and safe for user interaction complicates the job of designing EV charging stations. It is difficult to be an expert in all areas of dc charging station design.May 28, 2023 · Most battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) available today can accept between 40 to 48-amps while charging from a level 2, 240-volt source. However, there are charging stations available today that can ... DC fast charging station installation is gaining momentum in the US – Q1 2024 saw a 7.6% increase to nearly 8,200 total. More DC fast charging stations are …3 days ago · The Electric Circuit Web site, theelectriccircuit.com, is updated as new stations are installed or commissioned. Information. Nathalie Vachon. Hydro-Québec, for The Electric Circuit. 514 289-2441. [email protected]. Montréal charging-station locations – 54 Level 2 (240-V) stations now in operation on. the island. Level 2 charging equipment, the most common for public charging, ranges from $500 to $8,0003, depending on features. Incentives can help reduce the upfront cost; for example, the EV infrastructure federal tax credit for an EVC in 2016 is 30% up to $1,000 for residential consumers and up to $30,000 for businesses. 5 days ago · A mode 3 (IEC61851-1) fast EV charger for residential use. The smart EV charger has an IP65 patented design case for outdoor and indoor use. The type 2 charging connector makes highly flexible and compatible with all electric vehicles. The EV charger output can be adjusted from 16 amps (11kW) all the way up to 32 amps (22kW)The Electric Circuit is the largest public electric vehicle (EV) charging network in Québec. The Electric Circuit mobile app gives you access to many services. For example, you can: • Use... MUSTART Level 2 EV Charger, 40 Amp, 240 Volt, 25ft Cable, Electric Vehicle Portable Charger Plug-in EV Charging Station with NEMA 14-50P, ETL Certificated 4.4 out of 5 stars 1,165 11 offers from $280.98 July 5, 2022. Charging an electric car at a public charging station. Royalty free Getty. Courtney Lindwall. Contributor. Buying an electric vehicle (EV) means being able to …Jan 8, 2018 · To put it into more concrete terms, a 50 A branch circuit on 240 VAC mains loaded to the NEC-allowed limit of 80% can safely supply 9,600 W; an EV charger without PFC (so a PF of 0.6) would max that branch circuit out at 5,760 W, because at that point it would be drawing current equivalent to a 9,600 W charger with a PF of 1! The grant program is also available available for installation of curbside charging stations on the sidewalk to allow the charging of electric vehicles parked on the street. Such projects must contain at least one (1) double curbside charging station. The grant program started on May 25, 2022 and will run until 2029. Mar 31, 2022 · Buy Splitvolt NEMA 14-30 Level 2 Portable EV Charger 24 Amp, 220-240 Volt, 26ft Cable, Electric Vehicle Charger Plug-in EV Charging Station with, J1772 Plug, Fastest 30 Amp Circuit NEC-Safe Charging: Charging Stations - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases The Japan Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment Market size is estimated at USD 0.52 billion in 2024, and is expected to reach USD 1.27 billion by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 19.78% during the forecast period (2024-2029). The Japanese EV charging stations market is experiencing significant growth driven by the country's ambitious goals for ...Dec 7, 2020 · To help avoid this, here are 16 considerations when planning for EV charging stations. 1. Location. Location. Location. Location. One of the very first considerations to make when planning for EV charging stations is where to locate them. Unfortunately, there’s a double-edge sword when it comes to the location.2 days ago · Home Flex, NEMA 6-50 Plug. Buy Now. Can be plugged into an existing 240V wall outlet with a 6-50 receptacle. At a glance. Works with circuits rated 40 or 50A. Delivers up to 40A of power (30 miles of range per hour). Easy to move to another 6-50 outlet. Available with both J1772 and NACS (Tesla) connectors.This article conducts a comprehensive review of DCFC station design, optimal sizing, location optimization based on charging/driver behaviour, electric vehicle charging time, cost of …The price to install an electrical circuit for an L2 EV charging station is between $400 to $1,700 for a single-port station and $800 to $3,400 for a dual-port station. The cost of an L2 charger falls between $500 to $700 for a single-port station and approximately $3,500 for a dual-port station, not including the installation.Jul 25, 2014 · Stakeholders must evaluate these economic benefits and costs to develop the necessary communication and control standards to develop a nation-wide IVCI2. Charging control enables growing EV adoption to accelerate by mitigating negative impacts to the grid and enabling EV’s to become a grid resource. 1Z. Hu, Y. Song, and YZ.Sep 27, 2023 · Like a hose to a gas pump, charging a PEV is plugging an electric cord into an outlet/charger. Like gas stations, there are public charging stations, where you pull off the road and fill up (i.e., charge). In other ways, charging a PEV is different: No more gas station stops. If you have a home charging option, and typically don’t travel ...In this paper design and development of a Hybrid charging station for electric vehicles is discussed. The charging station is powered by a combination of solar power and grid power. The system works in an integrated way to optimize the energy use from the grid. The system will take the power from solar arrays and directly charge the EV when solar energy is …Dec 15, 2011 · (12)625.30 Branch Circuit Markings. When a branch circuit is installed to supply electric vehicle supply equipment (or electric vehicle charging system), a label shall be permanently affixed adjacent to the outlet box and shall contain the following information: “For use with electric vehicle supply equipment (or electricFind charging stations near me with a simple search or browse the map. Real-time availability, pricing, and other useful information for 100 000+ EV chargers. ... Driving on electricity should be easy and then it must also be easy to find your way out in the jungle of all the charging stations in the United States and Canada.6 days ago · A Chinese-made electric vehicle (EV) caught fire at a charging station in Hong Kong on Thursday night, prompting an expert to urge authorities to better educate car owners about safety risks.Dec 16, 2021 · About the Electric Circuit. The Electric Circuit is the largest public charging network for electric vehicles in Québec. It consists of over 3,300 public charging stations, including near 600 fast chargers, in every region of the province. Electric Circuit users have access to a 24/7 telephone help line as well as a charging-station locator ...Sep 5, 2023 · Level 1 chargers use a standard 120V household outlet that is common in garages, but provides slow charging speeds.. Level 2 charging stations require a 240V outlet and circuit like an electric stove or dryer uses.. Level 3, known as DC Fast Charging stations, charge up to 10x faster than Level 2 stations and are for commercial use.. Level …Jul 12, 2019 · 1. Capacitive Wireless Charging System (CWCS) Wireless transfer of energy between transmitter and receiver is accomplished by means of displacement current caused by the variation of electric field. Instead of magnets or coils as transmitter and receiver, coupling capacitors are used here for wireless transmission of power.Dec 16, 2021 · About the Electric Circuit. The Electric Circuit is the largest public charging network for electric vehicles in Québec. It consists of over 3,300 public charging stations, including near 600 fast chargers, in every region of the province. Electric Circuit users have access to a 24/7 telephone help line as well as a charging-station locator ...Learn how the cost of using an Electric Circuit charging station depends on the type of station (Level 2, 24-kW fast-charge, 50-kW fast-charge, etc.) and the power …The Electric Circuit, powered by Hydro-Quebec, is one of the biggest networks of charging stations for electric vehicles in Quebec and Ontario. They offer level 2 …Bender's RCMB level 2 ground fault sensing devices monitor circuits effectively for fault currents that can pose hazards to personnel and equipment. ... DC electric vehicle charging station. DIN EN 62752. Ladeleitungsintegrierte Steuer- und Schutzeinrichtung für die Ladebetriebsart 2 von Elektro-Straßenfahrzeugen (IC-CPD) SAE J1772. UL 2231-1 ...5 days ago · The city of Montréal in Québec, Canada, has 2420 public charging station ports (Level 2 and Level 3) within 15km. 96% of the ports are level 2 charging ports and 12% of the ports offer free charges for your electric car.. Montreal, the largest city in the province of Quebec, has more than public EV charging stations (Level 2 and Level 3) …The price to install an electrical circuit for an L2 EV charging station is between $400 to $1,700 for a single-port station and $800 to $3,400 for a dual-port station. The cost of an L2 charger falls between $500 to $700 for a single-port station and approximately $3,500 for a dual-port station, not including the installation. CAA-Quebec offers a help line for Electric Circuit users who have problems with public charging stations. If you have a problem, call 1-855-999-8378. Otherwise, CAA-Quebec members can consult Automotive Advisory Services at any time, free of charge, for any questions they may have about charging stations or electric or gasoline-powered vehicles. Dec 15, 2011 · (12)625.30 Branch Circuit Markings. When a branch circuit is installed to supply electric vehicle supply equipment (or electric vehicle charging system), a label shall be permanently affixed adjacent to the outlet box and shall contain the following information: “For use with electric vehicle supply equipment (or electricWorks with a 20A to 80A-rated circuit. Report an issue with this product or seller. Consider a similar item . Syncwire J1772 to Tesla Adapter for Easy Charging, 60A/240V AC, SAE J1772 Charger Adapter Compatible with Model 3/Y/S/X, Protective Shield & Portable Storage Pouch Included ... Hardwired EV Fast Charge Station, Electric Vehicle Charging ...3 days ago · The Electric Circuit Web site, theelectriccircuit.com, is updated as new stations are installed or commissioned. Information. Nathalie Vachon. Hydro-Québec, for The Electric Circuit. 514 289-2441. [email protected]. Montréal charging-station locations – 54 Level 2 (240-V) stations now in operation on. the island.Bender's RCMB level 2 ground fault sensing devices monitor circuits effectively for fault currents that can pose hazards to personnel and equipment. ... DC electric vehicle charging station. DIN EN 62752. Ladeleitungsintegrierte Steuer- und Schutzeinrichtung für die Ladebetriebsart 2 von Elektro-Straßenfahrzeugen (IC-CPD) SAE J1772. UL 2231-1 ...Jul 15, 2021 · The. solution involves using public electricity and solar panels for the easy and. hassle-free charging of Electric Vehicles. This project consists of a scaled dow n. prototype. Keywords : EVCS ...Dec 8, 2023 · Benefits of Using Level 3 Chargers. Level 3 chargers, esteemed as the vanguard in the electric vehicle (EV) charging domain, transcend mere speed – they are pivotal in the progressive march towards electric mobility. Their capacity to impart a substantial charge in a span as brief as 30 minutes revolutionizes the EV charging …5 days ago · A mode 3 (IEC61851-1) fast EV charger for residential use. The smart EV charger has an IP65 patented design case for outdoor and indoor use. The type 2 charging connector makes highly flexible and compatible with all electric vehicles. The EV charger output can be adjusted from 16 amps (11kW) all the way up to 32 amps (22kW)Mar 6, 2019 · Level 2 electric car outlet requirements. One of the many benefits of driving an electric vehicle is the ability to “fuel” your EV at home without having to take time out of your day to go to a service station. There are various EV charging levels, however, a 240V Level 2 (or L2) charging station charges much faster than a 120V Level 1 (L1 ...Mar 28, 2023 · Product Line: PTEVC - ELECTRICAL VEHICLE. Resolution: The EVlink series of Level 2 charging station require a 40A, non-GFI type breaker for each charging outlet. #8 wire is required (L1, L2, and GND). For dual outlet charging stations, two 40A non-GFI breakers will be required (one for each charging outlet). A neutral connection is …Dec 9, 2021 · Connect the Wire to the 50-Amp Breaker. Take the wire coming into the electrical panel and strip it the same way you did at the other end so that copper from each of the 4 individual wires is exposed. Connect the red and black ‘hot’ wires to the breaker, and connect the ground and neutral wires to their respective locations. A branch circuit is an electric circuit extending beyond the last circuit breaker. The branch circuit starts at the breaker box and runs to the EVSE (charging station). Up until 2014, the NEC required that every charge point has a dedicated circuit rate of 100%.Sep 11, 2023 · There are three types of DC EV car-side connectors: CHAdeMO, combined charging system (CCS) chargers and Type 2. Most modern charge points will have two cables, one with a CHAdeMO connector and ...5 days ago · The Wärtsilä wireless vessel charging system replaces the traditional cable connection method. This type of marine battery charging system is particularly well suited to fully electric vessels that spend little time in port, such as ferries. Vessel charging can start the moment the ship docks, meaning that the same amount of energy can be ...A branch circuit is an electric circuit extending beyond the last circuit breaker. The branch circuit starts at the breaker box and runs to the EVSE (charging station). Up until 2014, the NEC required that every charge point has a dedicated circuit rate of 100%.Atom Power provides highly reliable (+99% uptime) electric vehicle (EV) charging station hardware and software solutions today. Tomorrow, the possibilities are endless. Atom Power is a technology company operating in the electrical industry, providing solutions that fundamentally change the way energy is consumed, managed, and commercialized. The …US - MaxiCharger Home 40A - AC Wallbox EV Charger With Separate Holster. $55900$559.00. US - MaxiCharger Home 50A - AC Wallbox EV Charger With In-Body Holster. $59900$599.00. Green Energy Powers the Future. Autel is a global company focused on exploring the sustainable development of better people, vehicles, technology, … Find EV charging stations with PlugShare, the most complete map of electric vehicle charging stations in the world!Charging tips reviews and photos from the EV community. The charging output is given in kilowatts (kW) and is the most important criterion for how long it takes to charge an electric car battery at a charging station. A domestic power socket has a charging output of around 2.3 kW, a Wallbox or an AC charging station usually up to 22 kW, a DC fast-charging station up to 50 kW, a CCS fast charger up ...The rate for using an Electric Circuit charging station is $1* per hour (billed by the minute) as long as the vehicle is connected to the station. In rarer cases, the cost is $2.50* regardless of the connection time. The station’s owner chooses between the two payment methods. The rate for using a FLO charging station is $1* per hour as long ...Aug 1, 2023 · Best Overall: JuiceBox 40 Smart Charging Station. Best Midrange: EVoCharge Electric Vehicle Charging Station. Most Affordable: Megear Level 1+2 Charger. Best Premium: Wallbox Pulsar Plus Ultra ...Apr 27, 2022 · To determine how much power will flow to your car’s battery, multiply the volts by the amps and divide by 1,000. For example, a 240-volt, Level 2 charging station with a 30-amp rating will supply 7.2 kilowatts per hour. After one hour of charging, your EV will have an added 7.2 kilowatt hours (kWh) of energy. To calculate how long it will ...The Electric Circuit is Canada’s first public charging network for electric vehicles (EVs). It offers both 240-volt and 400-volt charging stations. The stations are installed in the parking lots of the Circuit’s numerous partners across Québec and in Eastern Ontario. Since its launch on March 30, 2012, the Electric Circuit has rapidly expanded to many Québec …Sep 13, 2019 · According to a Live Mint report, Tata Motors has partnered with Tata Power to set up 300 fast-charging stations for electric vehicles across Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Bangalore and Hyderabad by end FY20. These charging stations that will adhere to Bharat Standard (DC-001, 15 kW) for the initial 50 chargers and also install 30-50 kW DC CCS2 …Aug 30, 2021 · The answer is that contact between the battery terminals or cells can complete the electrical circuit. If your metal jewelry touches those points, you can receive an electric shock and burns. ... The following is a … The city of Ottawa in Ontario, Canada, has 567 public charging station ports (Level 2 and Level 3) within 15km. 95% of the ports are level 2 charging ports and 24% of the ports offer free charges for your electric car. As Canada’s capital, Ottawa is the most bilingual city of the country. Canada’s seat of government is located on Parliament ... The Electric Circuit, powered by Hydro-Quebec, is one of the biggest networks of charging stations for electric vehicles in Quebec and Ontario. They offer level 2 …The wire and circuit breaker must be sized based on 1.25 times the rated load of the car charger. In accordance with NEC 625.54, all EV charging stations rated 150-volts to ground or less, and 50 amperes or less are required to be GFCI (Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter) protected. The intent is to protect people from possible electric shock or ...Jan 4, 2019 · A hybrid microgrid-powered charging station reduces transmission losses with better power flow control in the modern power system. However, the uncoordinated charging of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with the hybrid microgrid results in ineffective utilization of the renewable energy sources connected to the charging station. …Jul 20, 2021 · Every electric vehicle or plug-in hybrid can be charged on Level 1 by plugging the charging equipment into a regular wall outlet. Level 1 is the slowest way to charge an EV. It adds between 3 and 5 miles of range per hour. Level 1 EV charging stations are located typically at home, workplace or public parking15.Aug 10, 2021 · charging time and hence overcome range anxiety. Fast charging stations are. capable of reducing the charging duration by up to 30 min. By way of sustain-. able development and availability of ...Dec 5, 2022 · The Tesla Cybertruck will also be able to accept 1 MW DC charging. Dec 5, 2022 at 8:54am ET. By: Mark Kane. During the recent customer delivery event of the Tesla Semi truck, Tesla announced that ...Apr 1, 2024 · The Electric Circuit is Canada’s first public charging network for electric vehicles (EVs). It offers both 240-volt and 400-volt charging stations. The stations are installed in the parking lots of the Circuit’s numerous partners across Québec and in Eastern Ontario. Since its launch on March 30, 2012, the Electric Circuit has rapidly expanded to many Québec regions, with continued ... There are two different types of EV chargers you can install in your home: a hardwired charging station or a special 240V outlet. Read More: How to choose the …San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) says the maiden voyage of their Class 8 heavy-duty electric semi marks the first time an electric semi has crossed the border …Jan 26, 2024 · A female driver had to escape from her sedan after a fire occurred while charging at a charging station in Kowloon Bay on Thursday night.Around 9 a.m. yesterday (Jan 25), a white BYD sedan was ...Feb 28, 2024 · Explore our impact on the environment, our community, and people to create accessible and sustainable electric transportation. Support & Troubleshooting. Have a question or issue with a charging station? Our team is here to help. Call us at 1-833-632-2778 or use our contact form.Mar 1, 2012 · problems on siting and sizing. This paper introduces the. optimization process of the sizing an d siting of electric veh icle. charging stations, defines variabl es to represent the charging ...1 day ago · The Oregon Department of Transportation upgraded all forty-seven charging stations along the West Coast Electric Highway in fall/winter 2022 to include a 120-volt outlet to provide free e-bike charging. The West Coast Electric Highway includes Interstate 5, Highway 101, and other major driving routes in Oregon and charging stations are ...Mar 31, 2022 · Buy Splitvolt NEMA 14-30 Level 2 Portable EV Charger 24 Amp, 220-240 Volt, 26ft Cable, Electric Vehicle Charger Plug-in EV Charging Station with, J1772 Plug, Fastest 30 Amp Circuit NEC-Safe Charging: Charging Stations - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases This translates to 226 megawatts of electrical load and could mean more than 37,000 charging ports.’”. City planners say they want to avoid concentrating EV …Jun 8, 2023 · Generally speaking, a good rule of thumb is to select a charging station with at least 20 percent greater capacity than the batteries that are going to be charged. This will ensure that the station has enough power to charge all of the batteries in your forklift fleet. Another important consideration is the type of battery being charged.
Published Apr 8, 2022. What charging station should you use to juice up your EV? We explain here. buffaloboy/Shutterstock.com. Quick Links. What Types of EV Charging …. Happybank
MUSTART Level 2 EV Charger, 40 Amp, 240 Volt, 25ft Cable, Electric Vehicle Portable Charger Plug-in EV Charging Station with NEMA 14-50P, ETL Certificated 4.4 out of 5 stars 1,165 11 offers from $280.98 Charging your vehicle is as simple as charging your phone. You can even charge overnight with the available Ford Mobile Charger on a 120V wall outlet or a 240V wall outlet. To maximize your home charging speed and connected features at home, you can purchase the Ford Connected Charge Station and its on-demand 48 amps of power. Build fast, efficient EV charging solutions with leading high-voltage power, current and voltage sensing and connectivity products and designs. EV charging needs to be quick, affordable, safe and reliable. Providing a flexible infrastructure to generate, store, transmit and distribute the additional power is crucial for the electrification journey. 5. 6. ». Come and charge your electric car in Montreal - the town boasts 51 charging stations. Find out where these charging stations in Montreal are located with the Chargemap map. You can view the districts best equipped with charging stations in Montreal or the neighbouring towns of Laval, Boucherville, Longueuil, Brossard, Montreal.Jul 28, 2023 · An electric vehicle (EV) charging station, also commonly called a charge point or electric vehicle supply equipment, is a device specifically designed to supply electrical power for recharging plug-in electric vehicles. These charging stations come in two primary types: AC charging stations and DC charging stations.Learn how the charging power, battery charge level and battery temperature of your electric vehicle (EV) affect the charging speed and duration at different types of fast …Wiring for EV Charging Stations: The Ultimate Guide for Electrical Contractors. Michelle Graven. June 17, 2022. More and more electric vehicles (EVs) are …A branch circuit is an electric circuit extending beyond the last circuit breaker. The branch circuit starts at the breaker box and runs to the EVSE (charging station). Up until 2014, the NEC required that every charge point has a dedicated circuit rate of 100%.Atom Power provides highly reliable (+99% uptime) electric vehicle (EV) charging station hardware and software solutions today. Tomorrow, the possibilities are endless. Atom Power is a technology company operating in the electrical industry, providing solutions that fundamentally change the way energy is consumed, managed, and commercialized. The …Aug 13, 2019 · Electric vehicles require a source of AC or DC power to recharge their batteries, which is commonly supplied from the power grid. Residential charging is usually performed at either 120V and 12A (1.5kW) or 240V and 20-50A (5kW to 12kW). Electric vehicles are usually supplied with an AC EVSE, or electric vehicle supply equipment, … The Electric Circuit was up and running! When the Electric Circuit was inaugurated, there were 34 charging stations. From its modest beginnings, the network expanded exponentially. A decade later, it has broadened its offer by a hundredfold to more than 5,500 charging station. The network now serves all of Québec and parts of eastern Ontario. May 29, 2023 · Most battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) available today can accept between 40 to 48-amps while charging from a level 2, 240-volt source. However, there are charging stations available today that can ... 1. A minimum number of 208/240 V 40-amp, circuit or equivalent electric vehicle charging stations required to serve the parking spaces specified in Section 429.2. The electric vehicle charging stations. shall be located to serve spaces designated for parking and charging electric vehicles. 2. Jun 1, 2021 · This paper presents an electric circuit-based battery and a capacity fade model suitable for electric vehicles (EVs) in vehicle-to-grid applications. ... P. and Zeman, M. 2016. System design for a ...Request PDF | On Mar 1, 2018, Amirhossein Moeini and others published Design of fast charging technique for electrical vehicle charging stations with grid-tied cascaded H-bridge multilevel ...May 19, 2020 · Very long charging times, up-gradation of household installations to high power chargers, and the limited number of public charging stations are some other concerning parts for EV owners. Level 1 chargers of a typical rating between 1 and 6 kW are used for direct connection in households which takes 15 h for completely charging a 24 …Jun 11, 2014 · Am I Ready for an EV? EV ownership works best if you can charge (240V) at home or at work. If you can’t charge at home, charging at a charging station could take at least 10x longer than at a... .